Omuenkola y’okukyusa amaanyi(PCS) ye nkolagana wakati wa bbaatule n’omukutu gw’amasannyalaze oba omugugu gwa AC. Tekoma ku kusalawo mutindo gwa maanyi n’engeri z’amaanyi g’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ebifuluma, naye era kikosa nnyo obukuumi bwa bbaatule n’obulamu bwayo. Okusinziira ku topology ya circuit n’ensengeka ya transformer, ebika bya PCS ebikulu bisobola okugabanyizibwamu power-frequency step-up type ne high-voltage direct-connection type, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi.
Mu kiseera kino, omutindo gwa vvulovumenti y’ebibinja bya bbaatule ebya bulijjo tegusukka 1500V, era waliwo enkyukakyuka ezimu okusinziira ku mbeera ya chajingi (SOC). N’olwekyo, okusobola okutuukagana n’ebyetaago bya vvulovumenti eby’amasannyalaze ag’enjawulo oba emigugu, tulansifooma ya frequency y’amasannyalaze etera okuteekebwa ku ludda lwa AC olwa PCS (Power Conversion System). Kino tekikoma ku kutuuka ku kwongera oba okulungamya vvulovumenti ya AC, naye era kisobozesa okutondebwawo kw’enkola ya waya za phase ssatu-phase nnya-mu nkola ezitali -grid okugabira emigugu gya phase emu-. Ekirala, erongoosa obukuumi n’okuziyiza okukwatagana kw’amasannyalaze mu nkola y’okutereka amaanyi.
Okusinziira ku muwendo gw’emitendera, PCS ez’ekika kya power frequency step-up esobola okugabanyizibwamu topologies z’omutendera gumu-n’omutendera ogw’emirundi ebiri-.
Omutendera gwa power-frequency-up single-stage PCS guwa obulungi obw'amaanyi n'ensengeka ennyangu; wabula etawaanyizibwa obusobozi bwa bbaatule obutono n’okukyukakyuka okutono mu kulonda vvulovumenti. Ekirala, ensobi ya short-circuit ku ludda lwa DC olwa PCS esobola bulungi okuvaako okulinnya kwa kasasiro okunene mu bbaatule, ekireeta akabi ak’amaanyi. PCS ez’omutendera gumu-era zisobola okugabanyizibwa mu nkola bbiri-emitendera, esatu-eddaala, oba emitendera mingi-okusinziira ku ddaala lya vvulovumenti efuluma. Omuwendo gw’emitendera bwe gweyongera, omutindo gwa vvulovumenti ya DC n’omutindo gw’amaanyi agafuluma mu PCS bisobola okwongera okulongoosebwa, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi.
Power-frequency boost-type two-stage PCS, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 2-22, etegekeddwa n’ekikyusa DC/DC eky’enjuyi bbiri ku terminal y’okuyingiza bbaatule, ekyongera ku busobozi bwa bbaatule n’okutumbula okukyukakyuka kw’okulonda vvulovumenti, era esobola okutuuka ku kufuga okwetongodde ku bbaatule eziwera. Kyokka, erina ssente nnyingi, efugira mu ngeri enzibu, ate nga tekola bulungi. Okusinziira ku nsengekera ez’enjawulo ez’ekikyusa DC/DC, PCS ez’emitendera ebiri-zisobola okugabanyizibwamu ebika ebitali-ebyawuddwamu n’ebyawuddwamu. PCS eyawuddwamu emitendera ebiri-esobola okwongera okulongoosa omugerageranyo gw’enkyukakyuka ya vvulovumenti era erina obusobozi obugazi obw’okukyusakyusa vvulovumenti ya bbaatule, naye dizayini y’ekikyusa DC/DC eky’enjawulo ekinene-obusobozi obwawuddwamu omugerageranyo gwa waggulu-boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC eraga okusoomoozebwa okw’amaanyi okw’ekikugu. Ebizibu ebikulu mulimu dizayini ya tulansifooma eya vvulovumenti eya waggulu-, okuziyiza enkola, okukyusakyusa okugonvu okwa phase-shift oba series resonant, n’okukola dizayini ya density y’amaanyi amangi.
Ku bbaatule za lithium-ion, ezitera okukozesebwa mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi amanene-obusobozi, vvulovumenti efuluma tekyukakyuka nnyo nga embeera ya chajingi (SOC) eri mu bbanga lya 15% ne 85%. N’olwekyo, enkola ezisinga obungi ez’okutereka amaanyi amanene-obusobozi obukozesebwa mu kiseera kino mu nsi yange zikozesa enkola y’okukyusa amaanyi ey’omutendera gumu- (PCS). Naye nga vvulovumenti ya DC esemberera 1500V, ensengekera za topology ez’emitendera ssatu-zijja kweyongera okwettanirwa. Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule eya 1500V ekendeeza ku kigere ekyetaagisa n’okukozesa ebyuma by’amasannyalaze nga switch boxes ne DC cables, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’enkola eno okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu. Naye olw’ebanga ettono wakati wa bbaatule ne PCS, tewa kukendeera kwa maanyi mu kufiirwa kw’okutambuza kwa DC okulabibwa mu mabibiro amanene-ag’amasannyalaze ag’ekitangaala. Ekirala, eteeka obwetaavu bw’omulimu obw’amaanyi ku bitundu nga bidirectional DC circuit breakers ne bidirectional DC contactors. Enteekateeka y’obukuumi n’obukuumi bw’amasannyalaze mu DC circuit kusoomoozebwa kwa maanyi mu kuteeka mu nkola enkola eno.
Okusobozesa okukozesa ebifo by’amasannyalaze ebitereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ebinene ennyo-, n’okwewala okuyungibwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo (parallel connection) kwa bbaatule nnyingi ennyo, awamu n’okwewala okufiirwa okuva mu tulansifooma za frequency y’amasannyalaze n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya, PCS eziyungiddwa obutereevu-voltage enkulu- ezirina ensengekera ya modular cascaded efuuse obulagirizi obukulu obw’okunoonyereza. Okufaananako n’omutendera gwa frequency y’amaanyi-up PCS, PCS eziyungiddwa obutereevu-voltage enkulu-nazo zisobola okugabanyizibwamu topologies z’omutendera gumu-n’emitendera ebiri-okusinziira ku muwendo gw’emitendera gy’okukyusa amaanyi.
PCS ya cascaded single-stage esobola okufulumya vvulovumenti eya waggulu nga tewali transformer ya frequency ya maanyi, ng’eyungibwa butereevu ku grid y’amasannyalaze eya vvulovumenti eya waggulu-, ekigifuula esaanira okuzimba enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ez’omutindo ogwa waggulu ennyo-. Ensengekera ya cascaded etuuka ku multi-level output, okukakasa low output voltage harmonics ne bwe kiba nti switching frequency entono mu modules ssekinnoomu, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku switching lossses. Naye, PCS ya cascaded single-stage yeetaaga okuziyiza okukwatagana ku ludda lwa DC, ekivaamu okunyigirizibwa okw’okuziyiza okw’amaanyi ku vvulovumenti ezifuluma entono, nga kyetaagisa dizayini ey’enjawulo. Waliwo amakubo aga bulijjo-mode current wakati wa buli battery pack ne ground, nga kyetaagisa okugonjoola common-mode current suppression.
Amasannyalaze ag’okucaajinga n’ag’okufulumya aga bbaatule galimu eddoboozi ery’okubiri-erya harmonic, ekikosa obubi ekkubo lya bbaatule erya kasasiro era ne kyongera ku nsaasaanya. Cascaded single-stage PCSs zisobola okusinga okugabanyizibwamu H-bridge cascaded ne modular multilevel converter (MMC) cascaded ebika, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi.
Okutwaliza awamu, high-voltage direct-connection PCS (Power Conversion System) kye kikulu eky’okugonjoola okukola ku kusoomoozebwa kw’obukuumi n’obulungi okuleetebwa obusobozi obunene ennyo obw’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi. Wabula eteeka ebyetaago bya insulation ebingi ku bbaatule zombi ne DC/DC converter eyawuddwamu, ekikoma ku kugikozesa n’okugikozesa mu bantu bangi. Ekirala, waliwo okusoomoozebwa mu kusengejja okusengekeddwa, okuyunga amasannyalaze, n’okukola dizayini y’obukuumi bw’enkola za bbaatule ez’obusobozi obunene ennyo.