Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi-ebigonjoola eby’okuyunga emikutu gy’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo nga biyambibwako okusinga byawulwamu ebika bibiri: okuyungibwa kwa AC parallel ne DC coupling.
Ekigonjoola ky’okuyunga AC parallel, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi, kitegeeza ebyuma ebiyungiddwa ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze ogw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo-, nga inverters za photovoltaic oba converters za ttabiini z’empewo, nga ziyungibwa ku converter y’okutereka amaanyi (PCS) nga ziyita mu mutimbagano gw’amasannyalaze ga AC. Wansi w’okukwasaganya n’okufuga okugatta kwa EMS, ekola emirimu ng’okusenya ku ntikko n’okujjuza ebiwonvu, okulongoosa obutuufu bw’okuteebereza, n’okugonza.
Ebirungi ebikulu ebiri mu nteekateeka z’okuyunga AC parallel mulimu okuyungibwa kw’amasannyalaze okwangu era okutegeerekeka wakati w’ebyuma, okukutula emirimu, n’okussa omutindo ku nkola ennyangu ey’okukulaakulanya ebyuma n’okukola; ebizibu ebikulu bye bisale ebingi ku layini n’ebyuma ebiyungiddwa, sipiidi y’okuddamu ey’okufuga ey’amangu eyeetaagisa ku PCS, n’obulungi obutono mu kukyusa amaanyi amangi.
Enteekateeka y’okuyunga esobola okukozesa obulungi omukutu gwa DC oguzaalibwa mu nkola ezisinga ez’okukola amasannyalaze eziyungiddwa ku mudumu gw’amasoboza agazzibwawo-, butereevu n’eyongerako ebyuma ebitereka amaanyi ga bbaatule okukendeeza ku kukyusa amaanyi amangi ag’amaanyi g’amasoboza agazzibwawo. Kino kitereeza enkola eno okuyungibwa ku mudumu n’okutereka amaanyi obulungi; era ekozesa butereevu ebyuma ebiriwo ebiyungiddwa ku mudumu-ebiyungibwa ku mudumu n’emikutu gy’okuyunga emikutu, okumalawo obwetaavu bw’okugaziya ebyuma bya AC n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’okuteeka ssente mu byuma. Naye waliwo okuyungibwa wakati w’enkola y’okufuga n’ebyuma ebiriwo ebiyungiddwa ku mudumu gw’amasoboza agazzibwawo-, okunyweza kwabyo kwesigama ku nkola y’okufuga okuyungibwa ku mudumu ey’enkola y’amasoboza agazzibwawo eyasooka.
Nga tutwala ekikyusa ekiyungibwa ku giridi ya ttabiini y’empewo ey’amaanyi enzijuvu-nga ekyokulabirako, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi, okutwalira awamu kizimbe kya AC-DC-AC "okudda-okudda-emabega". Ekikyusa ku ludda lwa giridi-kikola mu mbeera ya DC-side voltage regulation mode, ate ekikyusa ku ludda lwa ttabiini-kikola mu mbeera y’okufuga amaanyi ga ttabiini y’empewo oba mu mbeera y’okufuga torque. Ebibiri bino byawulwamu oludda lwa DC era nga bifugibwa mu ngeri eyetongodde, nga bbanka ya capacitor ennene ku ludda lwa DC ekola nga buffer ne decoupling mechanism. N’olwekyo, nga tuyunga obusobozi obumu obwa BESS ku ludda lwa DC okukola enkola y’okutereka empewo n’amasoboza ekwataganye, amaanyi agayungiddwa ku mudumu-ag’ekyuma ekikuba empewo gasobola okufugibwa obulungi era amaanyi gasobola okukyusibwa okumala ekiseera, awatali kukwata kinene ku nkola ya ttabiini y’empewo, naddala okufuga ekikyusa ttabiini y’empewo.
Omusingi gwayo omukulu ogw’okufuga guli bwe guti: Omufuzi w’ekitundu ateekawo engeri y’okukola, gamba ng’okusenya ku ntikko n’okujjuza ekiwonvu, okulongoosa obutuufu bw’okuteebereza, oba okugonza, era n’agatta amawulire agakwata ku kusindika ku mudumu okukola ekiragiro ekigendererwa ky’amaanyi ekiyungiddwa ku mudumu gwonna ∑P* eky’enkola y’okutereka empewo-mu kiseera ekigere; erondoola amasannyalaze agava mu ttabiini y’empewo PNEn’embeera y’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi mu kiseera ekituufu, era mu bujjuvu ebala n’okukola ekiragiro ekifuga okucaajinga n’okufulumya enkola y’okutereka amaanyi P* .BESS:
BESS efuga ekyuma ekikola empewo ng’eyita mu kikyusa DC/DC, ng’erondoola P* .BESSebiragiro okutuuka ku kutereka amaanyi n’okufulumya wakati w’oludda lwa DC olw’ekikyusa ttabiini y’empewo ne bbaatule; ekikyusakyusa ku ludda lwa giridi-kikola mu mbeera ya rectifier, nga kitebenkeza vvulovumenti y’oludda lwa DC Vde okutuuka ku muwendo gwonna ogw’amaanyi agafuluma mu giridi-agayungiddwa ∑P aga ttabiini y’empewo:
SOC y’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi bw’eba mu mbeera enzibu ey’okujjula okusukkiridde, omufuzi w’ekitundu naye yeetaaga okussa ekkomo ku kiragiro ky’okufulumya P* .NEwa ttabiini y’empewo nga oteekawo enteekateeka y’omufuzi omukulu mu ttabiini y’empewo, okusobola okutegeera amaanyi-enkola ekoma eya ttabiini y’empewo.
Ekifaananyi eky’ennyangu eky’enkola y’okufuga kiragiddwa mu kifaananyi. Vdcne U. ne Uguliidizikwatagana n’emiwendo emituufu egya DC-side voltage y’ekikyusa ttabiini y’empewo ne phase voltage ya grid, mu kulondako; NzeBEss, Idc, INE, ne nzeguliidikikwatagana n’akasannyalazo aka chajingi n’okufulumya amasannyalaze g’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi, akasannyalazo ka DC ak’omukutu gwa ttabiini y’empewo-omukyusa w’oludda (okukulukuta okuva mu bbanka ya kapasita ya bbaasi ey’oku mabbali-okuva ku mukono gwa bbaasi ya bbaasi ey’oludda olukyusa amasannyalaze-omukono gw’omutala gwa giridi-), akasannyalazo ka DC ak’ekyuma ekikyusa empewo-ekikyusa oludda (ekikulukuta okuva ku mukono gw’omutala gw’ekyuma-oludda olukyusa IGBT okutuuka ku DC-side bus capacitor bank), ne grid-akasannyalazo akayungiddwa ku giridi ya ttabiini y’empewo-side converter (kwe kugamba, omugatte gwa grid-akasannyalazo akayungiddwa ku mpewo-enkola y’okutereka).
Ku ttabiini z’empewo eziweebwa amasannyalaze ga induction generator (DFIG) emirundi ebiri-, enkola y’okukola amasannyalaze (PNE) kirimu amaanyi gombi agafuluma mu rotor-side ne stator-side, omufuzi w’ekitundu ky’alina okulowoozaako mu bujjuvu ng’abala ekiragiro ky’amaanyi eky’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi.
Kiyinza okulabibwa nti mu nkola y’okutereka empewo-, byombi ekikyusa ku ludda lwa giridi-n’ekikyusa ku ludda lwa ttabiini-bikuuma enkola y’okufuga DC-side voltage regulation mode eyasooka n’engeri y’okufuga amaanyi ga ttabiini-side, awatali kwetaaga nkyukakyuka yonna mu nkola y’okufuga. Naye okufuna mu budde era mu butuufu amawulire agakwata ku mbeera y’enkola y’okutereka empewo-kikulu nnyo eri omufuzi w’ekitundu okutuuka ku kufuga okugatta enkola y’okutereka amaanyi n’enkola enkulu ey’okufuga ttabiini y’empewo.
Enteekateeka y’okufuga enkola ya parallel photovoltaic-storage DC eragiddwa mu kifaananyi. Enteekateeka eno ey’okufuga tekosa nkola ya inverter ya photovoltaic, bulijjo ekola mu nkola y’okutereka amaanyi ey’oku ntikko-mode y’omugugu oba mode y’amaanyi ag’ekiseera ekitono-limiting. Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi, ng’ekwataganye n’omufuzi w’ekitundu, ekola okulungamya kw’amaanyi okw’amangu okukuuma amaanyi agayungiddwa ku giridi-ag’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi g’ekitangaala-munda mu bbandi y’ensobi y’okufuga ekkirizibwa.
Okuyamba okuyunga emikutu gy’amasoboza amapya kitundu kikulu nnyo eky’okukozesa BESS (Balanced Energy Storage System). Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’ekipimo ky’obudde bw’okufuga, kino kiyinza okwawulwamu mu kujjuza okw’oku ntikko okwa buli ssaawa-n’okulongoosa mu ddaala ly’eddakiika-mu butuufu bw’okuteebereza n’okugonza enkyukakyuka. Esooka ekozesa mu bujjuvu obusobozi bw’omukutu oguliwo okusuza ensibuko z’amasoboza empya era ekendeeza...
Okuyamba okuyungibwa ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo kitundu kikulu nnyo eky’okukozesa enkola ya Baseline Energy Saving System (BESS). Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’ebiseera, kino kiyinza okwawulwamu okusenya ku ntikko buli ssaawa n’okujjuza ebiwonvu, n’okulongoosa mu ddaala lya ddakiika-mu butuufu bw’okuteebereza n’okugonza enkyukakyuka. Eky’olubereberye kikulu nnyo mu kukozesa mu bujjuvu obusobozi bw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo ag’omukutu oguliwo, okukendeeza ku tterekero lya yuniti eza bulijjo, oba okwewala okukendeeza ku masannyalaze agazzibwawo okumala ebbanga eddene. Ekisembayo, nga kikwataganye ne tekinologiya w’okuteebereza okukola amasannyalaze agazzibwawo, kilongoosa enteekateeka n’okusindika okuyungibwa ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo, kyongera omukwano ku mudumu, era kikendeeza ku kukwatibwa kw’ebikozesebwa mu kulungamya emirundi egy’amangu ku mudumu.
Mu pulojekiti ez’omugaso, okukozesa okusenya ku ntikko n’okujjuza ebiwonvu kyetaagisa enkola za BESS ezisobola okutereka oba okufulumya amasannyalaze ag’essaawa eziwerako, nga kyetaagisa yuniti za bbaatule ennene-obusobozi. Mu nkola za bizinensi eziriwo kati, okukozesa omulimu guno gwokka kitera obutaba mu by’enfuna, oba kitwala akabi ak’amaanyi ak’okukendeera kw’emigaso gy’ebyenfuna mu sizoni. Naye, olw’okulongoosa okutambula obutasalako mu butuufu bw’okuteebereza okukola amasannyalaze agazzibwawo n’enkola z’okufuga amaanyi ga BESS, kisoboka ddala okugatta emirimu gy’okuyunga emikutu gy’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo egyayambibwako eddakiika-eddaala lya BESS-mu pulojekiti z’okusenya ku ntikko n’okujjuza ebiwonvu. Kino kisobozesa pulojekiti okukola enkola enzijuvu wansi w’enzirukanya ey’obumu nga EMS oba omufuzi w’ekitundu, oba okugabana obudde- oba mu kiseera kye kimu, bwe kityo ne kilongoosa ebyenfuna bya pulojekiti okutwalira awamu. Ekirala. N’olwekyo, okugattako emirimu gino kulina akakwate akatono ku nsengeka ya pulojekiti eziriwo ez’okusenya entikko-okujjuza ebiwonvu-, ekigifuula esoboka mu by’ekikugu.