Ebirungi ebiri mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu konteyina

 

Mu butuufu, nnali ntya nnyo bwe nnasooka okusisinkanaokutereka amaanyi mu bidomolapulojekiti emyaka mitono emabega.

Yali mu 2021 mu pulojekiti y’okukola amasannyalaze n’okutereka amasannyalaze ag’ekitangaala mu kibuga Qinghai. Kasitoma yali yeetaaga okuzimba n’okuyungibwa ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze enkola y’okutereka amasannyalaze eya 100MWh mu myezi esatu. Nga tukozesa enkola ezesigamiziddwa ku siteegi- ez'ennono, kino kyandibadde mulimu kumpi ogutasoboka. Naye bwe nnalaba ebibya ebitereka amaanyi ebisoba mu 20 nga bitegekeddwa bulungi ku ddungu lya Gobi, nga bituuka ku kuyungibwa ku mudumu n’okukola amasannyalaze mu nnaku 67 zokka, mu butuufu nnategeera amakulu ag’enkyukakyuka ag’enkola eno eya tekinologiya.

Modularization ewulikika nga nnyangu, naye kizibu nnyo okukituukiriza

Ekigambo "modularization" kibadde kisukkiridde okukozesebwa mu mulimu gw'okutereka amaanyi. Naye, ekitwawula mu butuufu emirundi mingi si butoffaali bwa bbaatule bwennyini, wabula obukugu mu kugatta enkola.

Ndabye pulojekiti nnyingi nnyo nga obutoffaali bwa bbaatule bwe bumu okuva mu CATL oba BYD bwakozesebwa, naye ate omutindo gw’okutuusa ogusembayo gwawukana nnyo. Lwaaki? Enjawulo eri mu busobozi bw’okufuga mu kiseera ky’enkola y’okusooka okukola mu kkolero.

Omwaka oguwedde, twakyalira ekifo kya Sungrow Power ekikola enkola y’okutereka amaanyi mu kibuga Hefei. Ekintu kimu kyaleka ekifaananyi ekizito: buli konteyina eyita mu kugezesebwa okujjuvu-amaanyi-okufuluma mu ssaawa 72-nga tennava mu kkolero-si kukeberebwa kwa kimpowooze, wabula okwekebejjebwa okujjuvu. Abakola ebintu ebitonotono bangi tebasobola na kukola kino; ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa ziwera.

Kale omuntu bw’ambuuza engeri y’okulondamu ekintu ekigatta okutereka amaanyi, amagezi gange gali butereevu-okukyalira ekkolero lye. Laba omutendera gw’okukola mu ngeri ey’obwengula ku layini y’okufulumya, obukakali bw’enkola y’okugezesa, n’omutindo gw’emirimu gy’abakozi. Ebintu bino tebisobola kulabibwa mu nnyanjula ya PowerPoint.

Modularization entuufu si kusiba byuma byokka mu bidomola; kikwata ku kuleeta okulondoola omutindo mu maaso ku mutendera gw'ekkolero.

Okutereka amaanyi mu bidomola kuyinza kuba ku sipiidi ki?

Ku nkomerero ya 2023, essaza erimu mu East China lyatongoza mu bwangu ekibinja ky’okutereka amaanyi n’okusenya ku ntikko-olw’okunyigirizibwa kw’obwetaavu obw’oku ntikko mu kiseera ky’obutiti. Zaali zeetaaga okuyungibwa ku ggirita nga December 15th, nga zaali zaali dda mu makkati ga-October.

Emyezi ebiri, okuva ku zero okutuuka ku grid connection.

Kino kyandibadde tekisoboka nga tukozesa enkola ez’ekinnansi. Naye nga tulina eddagala eriri mu bidomola, laba engeri gye twakikolamu:

Mu nkola yonna, omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw’abakozi abazimba mu kifo kino gwali nga amakumi asatu bokka. Singa kyali kizimbe kya masannyalaze, ttiimu ya yinginiya w’okuzimba yokka yandibadde yeetaaga ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abantu.

Bannannyini mayumba bangi mu kusooka baanyooma omugaso gw’enkizo eno ey’ekiseera. Naye okubala okwangu kukiraga bulungi: okuyunga ku mudumu omwezi gumu emabega, wansi w’enkola y’obuyambi obw’okusenya ku ntikko-mu kiseera ekyo, kyandibadde kivaamu amagoba ag’okwongerako obukadde bwa Yuan 1.5 ku 2 ku pulojekiti ya 100MWh. Kuno temuli wadde okukekkereza mu nsaasaanya y’ensimbi.

Mu mulimu gw’okutereka amaanyi, obudde ddala ssente.

Ku bikwata ku kukyukakyuka, wano waliwo ekyokulabirako ekiyinza okufuuwa ebirowoozo-

Abantu bangi balowooza nti essundiro ly’amasannyalaze eritereka amaanyi bwe limala okuzimbibwa, liteekebwa mu kifo kyalyo. Ekyo tekitegeeza nti kituufu.

Mu mwaka gwa 2022, pulojekiti ya gavumenti-okutereka amasannyalaze g’empewo n’amasoboza mu Inner Mongolia yayolekagana n’ennongoosereza mu nteekateeka. Ekifo we baasooka okutereka amaanyi kyalina okusengulwa okusobola okufuna ekifo ebyuma ebikuba empewo. Ku nkola y’okutereka amaanyi eyesigamiziddwa ku siteegi-, kino kyandibadde kya katyabaga-okumenya n’okuddamu okuzimba kyandivuddemu obukadde n’obukadde bwa Yuan okukka mu mwala.

Naye olw’okuba ekisengejjero ekirimu konteyina kyakozesebwa, eky’okugonjoola ekisembayo kyali kyangu era nga kyangu: loole ennene eziwerako eza fulaati zaakozesebwa okusitula n’okutambuza konteyina 16 ezitereka amaanyi okutwaliza awamu okutuuka mu kifo ekipya ekyali kiromita 3 okuva we zaali, gye zaateekebwa waya ne zilongoosebwa. Enkola yonna yatwaala wiiki ezitakka wansi wa bbiri. Omusango guno gwasaasaana mu nkulungo entono mu mulimu guno mu kiseera ekyo, era abantu ne bakitegeera nti: Oh, kale eby’obugagga ebitereka amaanyi bisobola okukozesebwa mu ngeri eno.

Oluvannyuma, twawuliziganya n'ebitongole by'ebyensimbi ebimu, era byafaayo nnyo ku "mobile asset" attribute. Bw’ogeraageranya n’ebifo ebitereka amasannyalaze ebitali bikyuka ebiteekeddwa ku ttaka, ebigonjoola ebiteekebwa mu konteyina biwa okwekenneenya omuwendo ogusigaddewo mu ngeri entegeerekeka n’obukodyo bw’okufuluma bwe kituuka ku kusasula liizi n’okukuuma eby’obugagga.

Obukuumi mulamwa ogulina okuteesebwako ennyo

Nkimanyi abantu bangi balina okweraliikirira ku bukuumi bw'okutereka amaanyi naddala oluvannyuma lw'okubwatuka kw'essundiro ly'amasannyalaze erya "4.16" mu Beijing mu 2021. Akabenje ako kaaviirako abantu babiri okufa n'okufiirwa omuzinyi w'omuliro omu. Omulimu gwonna gwasasula omuwendo omunene.

Kyokka, ku luuyi olulala, akabenje ako era kaaleetera okulongoosa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo ku mutindo gw’obukuumi. Pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi mu konteyina eziteekebwa mu nkola oluvannyuma lwa 2022 zirina ensengeka z’obukuumi eziri ku mutendera ogw’enjawulo ddala bw’ogeraageranya n’ezo ezaaliwo emabega.

Omwaka oguwedde, nnalaba ekifo we baali bagenda okukuba omuliro mu pulojekiti emu. Enkola y’okuziyiza omuliro mu konteyina yatandikibwawo mu bugenderevu; okuva ku kuzuula okutuuka ku alamu okutuuka ku kufulumya ekizikiza, enkola yonna yatwala sikonda ezitakka wansi wa 30.

Obukuumi tebukakasibwa n’akatono 100%. Naye okuyita mu nteekateeka entegeke n’okukendeeza ku bungi, akabi kasobola okufugibwa mu kkomo erikkirizibwa.

Enkola ki enkulu kati?

• Omutendera ogusooka: Okuziyiza. Enkola ya Battery Management System (BMS) erondoola enkyukakyuka za vvulovumenti, ebbugumu, n’obuziyiza obw’omunda mu buli katoffaali mu kiseera ekituufu. BMS ennungi esobola okufulumya okulabula nga bukyali eddakiika 5-10 ng’okudduka okw’ebbugumu tekunnabaawo. Eddirisa lino ery’obudde ddene nnyo.
• Omutendera ogwokubiri: Okuzuula. Ng’oggyeeko ebyuma eby’ennono ebizuula omukka n’ebbugumu, kati ebyuma ebizuula omukka ogwokya biteekeddwa nnyo. Okudduka okw’ebbugumu okwa bbaatule nga bukyali kufulumya CO ne haidrojeni, era okuzuula ggaasi kusobola okuzuula obutafaanagana eddakiika 2-3 nga bukyali okusinga ebyuma ebizuula omukka.
• Omutendera ogw’okusatu: Okuziyiza omuliro. Heptafluoropropane ekyakozesebwa, naye perfluorohexanone edda mu kifo kyayo mangu. Nze ku lwange nsinga kwagala perfluorohexanone-ekikolwa ky’okuziyiza omuliro kifaanagana, naye omulimu gwayo mu butonde gusinga nnyo, nga omuwendo gwa GWP katundu katono nnyo ku gwa heptafluoropropane.
• Omutendera ogw’okuna: Okwekutula ku balala. Kino nkizo ya butonde ey’ebizigo ebiteekebwa mu bidomola. Buli kibya kibeera kitundu ekyetongodde ekigumira omuliro-. Ne bwe kiba nti ekintu ekimu kyokya, ebidomola ebiriraanyewo biba n’obuwanvu obumala obw’obukuumi okuziyiza enjegere.

Eby’enfuna obibala otya?

Kino kye kibuuzo ekisinga okubuuzibwa, naye tewali kya kuddamu kya mutindo. Ebyenfuna byawukana nnyo okusinziira ku mbeera y’okukozesa, ekitundu, n’engeri ya bizinensi.

Kyokka, ebikulu ebitonotono bye twetegereza bisobola okukolebwa:

Mu kiseera kino, enkola esinga okukola amagoba mu kutereka amaanyi kwe kulungamya frequency. Mu bitundu ebirina obutale obukulu obw’okulungamya frequency nga Guangdong, Shanxi, ne Inner Mongolia, pulojekiti y’okutereka amaanyi agafuga frequency 50MW/100MWh esobola okuvaamu obukadde bwa RMB 40-50 mu nsimbi buli mwaka. Ensimbi zino ziwera obukadde bwa RMB 300-350, nga ekiseera kya kusasula nga tekikyukakyuka kya myaka 6-7. Bw’olowooza ku muwendo ogusigaddewo ogwa bbaatule, okuddamu kwennyini kusingako n’okubeera waggulu.

Okutereka amaanyi mu by’obusuubuzi n’amakolero mu kiseera kino kwettanirwa nnyo, naye okulonda ekifo ekituufu kikulu nnyo. Mu bitundu ebirina enjawulo mu bbeeyi y’ebiwonvu ey’oku ntikko-okusukka 0.7 RMB/kWh, nga Guangdong, Zhejiang, ne Jiangsu, okutereka amaanyi mu by’obusuubuzi n’amakolero kusoboka. Nga tutwala Zhejiang ng’ekyokulabirako, enjawulo y’ebbeeyi y’ebiwonvu ey’oku ntikko-okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi n’amakolero okutwalira awamu eri 0.8-0.9 RMB, era nga waliwo omugugu ogusaanira, ekiseera ky’okusasula kiyinza okutuuka ku myaka 5-6. Naye mu bitundu ebirina enjawulo entono mu bbeeyi y’ebiwonvu by’entikko, nga Henan ne Shandong, ebyenfuna tebisobola kukola.

Engabanya y’okutereka amaanyi mu ngeri ey’ekiragiro eri ensibuko z’amasoboza empya, mu butuufu, mu kiseera kino etambulira ku nkola-, era okutwalira awamu obusobozi bwago obw’ebyenfuna butono. Nga omugerageranyo gw’okugaba 10%-20% n’obudde bw’okukozesa essaawa 2, essaawa z’okukozesa buli mwaka ziyinza okuba essaawa ebikumi bisatu ku bina zokka, ekizibuwalira okufunamu. Wabula, guno gwe musingi gw'okuyungibwa ku giridi, era tewali ngeri ndala.

Ebiwandiiko okuva mu kibiina ekigatta amakolero mu China Chemical and Physical Power Sources Industry Association biraga nti mu mwaka gwa 2023, pulojekiti empya ez’okutereka amaanyi agasukka mu 20GW/40GWh zaateekebwa mu nkola mu China, nga ebitundu ebisoba mu 80% beettanira enkola y’okugonjoola amasannyalaze mu konteyina. Ekitundu kino kyennyini kiraga okulonda akatale.

Okunyogoza amazzi kati nkola ya mutindo ku pulojekiti ennene-okutereka amaanyi.

Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku liquid cooling okusinga kuwedde. Emyaka ebiri egiyise, abantu baali bakubaganya ebirowoozo oba okunyogoza empewo oba okunyogoza amazzi kye kisinga; kati, okukubaganya ebirowoozo kumpi kuwedde. Ensonga nnyangu: obusobozi bw’obutoffaali bwa bbaatule bweyongera (okuva ku 280Ah okutuuka ku 314Ah, era kati 560Ah eri mu kukola mu bungi), density y’amasoboza yeeyongera, era okukola ebbugumu kweyongera. Air cooling simply tesobola kukwatagana.

Emigaso gy’okunyogoza amazzi giri butereevu:

Kya lwatu, okunyogoza okw’amazzi nakyo kirina ebizibu byakyo-omuwendo omunene, obuzibu bw’enkola, n’obulabe bw’okukulukuta. Naye ebintu byonna bwe bitunuuliddwa, ku bidomola ebinene-eby’obusobozi bwa 3MWh oba okusingawo, emigaso gy’okunyogoza amazzi gisinga ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa.

Enkola ya CATL ey’okutereka amaanyi mu Tianheng eyafulumizibwa mu 2024, etuuka ku 6.25MWh mu konteyina emu eya ffuuti 20 ng’ekozesa tekinologiya ow’omulembe ow’okunyogoza amazzi. Densite y’amasoboza eno yali teyinza kulowoozebwako emyaka esatu egiyise.

Emitendera egiwerako mu kutereka amaanyi mu konteyina

Omuze 1: Omuze gw’obusobozi obunene gujja kugenda mu maaso.

Keesi za bbaatule eza ffuuti 20 zikuze okuva ku 2MWh okutuuka ku 3.5MWh, olwo ne zituuka ku 5MWh, era kkampuni ezikulembedde kati zisika ebintu bya 6MWh+. Okutuuka ku 10MWh mu kkeesi ya ffuuti 40 si tekisoboka.

Omuze 2: "Okweyingiza" kwa tekinologiya kukyuka okuva ku butoffaali okudda mu nkola.

Ekitundu ky’obutoffaali kyakwatagana dda nnyo, nga waliwo abatono bokka abakulembedde mu kugaba bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate. Okuvuganya okw’enjawulo mu biseera eby’omu maaso kujja kussa essira ku busobozi bw’okugatta enkola-okuddukanya ebbugumu, okukola dizayini y’obukuumi, okukola n’okuddaabiriza mu ngeri ey’amagezi, n’okulongoosa ssente mu bulamu obujjuvu.

Trend 3: Battery za sodium zijja kuyingira akatale, naye tezijja kutaataaganya order eriwo.

Battery za sodium-ion ddala za buseere era zirina omulimu omulungi ogwa low-buguma. Naye, obungi bw’amasoboza gazo n’obulamu bw’enzirukanya mu kiseera kino biri wansi okusinga lithium iron phosphate. Ensala yange eri nti bbaatule za sodiyamu zijja kufuna akatale akalala mu mbeera ezikwata ku nsaasaanya-nga zirina ebyetaago by’amasoboza amatono (nga ku ntikko-okutereka amaanyi g’okusenya mu bitundu by’obukiikakkono), naye tezijja kukankanya kifo kifuga bbaatule za lithium mu myaka esatu oba etaano.

Omuze 4: Enkola n'okuddaabiriza bijja kukyuka okuva ku nkola ya "human wave" okudda ku nkola ez'amagezi.

Mu kiseera kino, amasundiro mangi agatereka amasannyalaze gakyasinziira ku kwekebejja mu ngalo, ekintu ekitali kirungi era nga kigula ssente nnyingi. Mu biseera eby’omu maaso, okuyita mu balongo ba digito, okukebera AI, n’okuddaabiriza okulagula, enkola y’emirimu n’okuddaabiriza ejja kuyita mu nkyukakyuka ey’omusingi. Kkampuni ezimu zaatandise dda okunoonyereza ku kitundu kino n’ebivaamu ebisuubiza.

Lwaki okutereka amaanyi mu konteyina kufuuka kwa bulijjo?

Entegeera yange eri nti mu bukulu ekiikirira "endowooza ey'amakolero" ekyusa amakolero g'okutereka amaanyi.

Okufuula yinginiya w’enkola enzibu mu bintu ebituufu, okukyusa obutali bukakafu ku-ekifo okudda mu mbeera y’ekkolero efugibwa, n’okukyusa eby’obugagga eby’omulundi gumu-mu modulo ezitambula, eziddamu okukozesebwa-ebirowoozo bino mu butuufu bikwatagana n’enkola z’enkulaakulana y’amakolero amalala agakola ebintu.

Kya lwatu nti ebizigo ebiteekebwa mu bidomola si bituukiridde. Ebyenfuna bya pulojekiti ennene ennyo-(nga pulojekiti ez’omutendera gwa GWh-) zikyetaaga okulongoosa, okukyusakyusa mu mbeera ezisukkiridde kulina ekifo eky’okulongoosaamu, era enkola z’obukuumi zeetaaga okuddiŋŋana okutambula obutasalako.

Naye obulagirizi butuufu. Kino nnyongera okukakasa.

Omulundi oguddako, bwe mba nfunye omukisa, njagala okuwandiika ebisingawo ku "mitego" mu nkulaakulana n'enkola ya pulojekiti z'okutereka amaanyi-anti, okutunuulira ebirungi byokka tekimala; okumanya engeri y’okwewala emitego kikulu kyenkanyi.