Akatale k’okutereka amaanyi katambula mangu okusinga abasinga bwe tusobola okulondoola. Era ekyo kyennyini kye kizibu. Buli mwezi wabaawo enkyukakyuka empya mu kemiko ya bbaatule esuubiza enkyukakyuka, ekitongole ekirala ekirangirira okuteekebwa mu nkola okw’amaanyi, oba abamu abatandise nga bagamba nti baakutudde koodi ku grid-scale storage. Bw'oba toddamu kwekenneenya kiki ekituufu ekikola ebweru-n'ekisinga obukulu, ekiremye-okusinga oba obuuka nga muzibe.
Ekyebuuzibwa si oba ggwe...-teekwabe nga bafaayo ku nkola z’okutereka amaanyi. Kye oba osobola obutakikola.
Ekibuuzo kya Ssente (Kubanga Tubeere Beesimbu)
Obuwumbi bwa ddoola buyiwa mu kutereka amaanyi mu kiseera kino. BloombergNEF yategeeza nti ssente z’ensi yonna zisukka mu buwumbi bwa ddoola 36 mu mwaka gwa 2023 gwokka, era omuwendo ogwo gweyongera okulinnya. Naye wuuno lipoota ezimasamasa bye zitakugamba: omuwendo ogw’ekitalo ogwa pulojekiti zino tezikola bulungi. Abamu balemererwa ddala. Ekifo ekitereka amasannyalaze ekya Hornsdale Power Reserve mu South Australia? Obuwanguzi obw’amaanyi. Omuliro gwa bbaatule ya AES Alamitos mu California? Si nnyo nnyo.
Okutegeeralwaakiokusaba okumu kutuuka ku buwanguzi ate ebirala ttanka si bya kusoma-it's survival. Oba oli utility ng’ogezaako okuzuula oba olina okukyusa peakers zo eza ggaasi, yinvesita eyeekenneenya okutandikawo okutereka, oba omukozi wa grid nga weebuuza obusobozi bwe obw’okulungamya frequency bwe weetaaga ddala, okusalawo kuno kutwala ebivaamu ebya nnamaddala.
Ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kugifuna mu bukyamu? Tuli mu kwogera obukadde n’obukadde, oluusi n’obukadde n’ebikumi. Ekyo si ssente za monopoly.
Okulonda Tekinologiya Kuzibu Okusinga Ku Kirabika
Ekintu kimu kye nneetegerezza mu mboozi z'amakolero y'emirundi abantu gye batwala "okutereka amaanyi" ng'omutendera guno ogw'ekintu kimu. Si bwe kiri. Lithium-ion efuga emitwe gy'amawulire, nkakasa, naye gezaako okukozesa bbaatule ya lithium okutereka mu sizoni-ojja kwokya okuyita mu cycles amangu okusinga bw'osobola okubala ekiseera ky'okusasula. Mu kiseera kino, bbaatule ezikulukuta zituula awo nga zirabika nga ziboola naye nga zisitula omuwendo mu nkola ezeetaaga okufuluma essaawa 4+. Okupampagira amazzi? Ekyakola ebitundu nga 90% ku busobozi bw’okutereka ebintu mu nsi yonna, era abantu abasinga beerabira nti kiriwo.
Ensonga eri nti: okukwataganya tekinologiya n’okukozesa buli kimu. Enkola ya flywheel etuukiridde okulungamya frequency yandibadde ya busirusiru ku time-of-okukozesa arbitrage. Okutereka ebbugumu kikola amakulu ku nkola ezimu ez’amakolero era kumpi tewali walala wonna. Tosobola kumanya kya kuteeka mu nkola bw'oba totegedde kiki ekyassibwa edda-n'engeri gye kyakola.
Kino kye kigendererwa ekisookerwako (basic due diligence). Naye ekyewuunyisa ebibiina bitono ebikikola obulungi.
Grid Stability: Ebintu We Bizibuwalira
Ka mmale ebiseera ebisingawo ku kino kubanga mu butuufu kisikiriza-era kyeyongera okuvumirira. Emikutu gy’amasannyalaze egy’omulembe gyakolebwa okwetooloola jenereta ennene, eziteekeddwa wakati nga ziwuuta ku firikwensi eziteeberezebwa. Ebifo ebikola amanda, ebyuma ebikola nukiriya, ttabiini za ggaasi ezigatta-cycle. Ebyuma bino birina ekizito ekinene ekizitowa (inertia) ekitebenkeza mu butonde enkyukakyuka za frequency. Okwetaaga bwe kweyongera mu bwangu, ekizito ekyo ekiwuuta kikugulira obudde.
Amasoboza agazzibwawo gakyusa ddala ensengekera. Solar panels ne wind turbines teziwuuta mu ngeri y’emu. Ziyungiddwa nga ziyita mu byuma by’amasannyalaze eby’amaanyi ebiddamu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Nga amasannyalaze agazzibwawo galya mu busobozi bw’okukola amasannyalaze ag’ennono-Germany yakuba amasannyalaze agazzibwawo ebitundu 59% mu 2023-abaddukanya emikutu gy’amasannyalaze boolekedde okusoomoozebwa okw’enjawulo ennyo mu kutebenkera.
Wano enkola z’okutereka we zifuuka ezisanyusa mu butuufu okuva mu ndaba y’eby’ekikugu. Enkola za bbaatule zisobola okuddamu mu milisekondi. Si sikonda-milisekondi. Ekyo kisinga mangu okusinga jenereta yonna ey’ebyuma. Ekitongole kya Bungereza ekya National Grid kibadde kigezesa empeereza ya "enhanced frequency response" enkola za bbaatule ze zifuga ddala. Kkampuni ya PJM Interconnection mu buvanjuba bwa Amerika yalaba bbaatule nga zikwata ekitundu ekinene ennyo ku katale kazo akalaga frequency kumpi mu kiro kimu.
Naye-era kino kinene naye-okuddamu okw'amangu si buli kimu. Okuddamu okuwangaala nakyo kikulu. N’obudde. Era ekifo ku grid. N’enkola z’okuzzaawo ssente. Enkolagana wakati w’ensonga zino eyinza okufuuka enzibu mu ngeri ewunyiriza, y’ensonga yennyini lwaki okwekenneenya enkola eziriwo kikulu. Theory yokka ekutuusa wala nnyo.
Obulumi bw’omutwe obulung’amya
Nja kuba mwesimbu: Nsanga ensonga z’okulungamya nga tezinyuma kuwandiika, naye kiyinza okukaayanirwa nti nkulu okusinga tekinologiya yennyini. Eby’obugagga ebitereka bitera okugwa wakati w’ebiti eby’ennono ebifuga. Battery ye jenereta? Omugugu? Ebikozesebwa mu kutambuza amasannyalaze? Eky’okuddamu kikwata ku buli kimu okuva ku kukkiriza ebiseera okutuuka ku mikisa gy’okuteeka enyingiza.
Ekiragiro kya FERC 841 mu Amerika kyagezaako okunnyonnyola ebintu nga kyetaagisa obutale bwa ‘wholesale’ okusuza ebifo eby’okutereka. Ekitongole kya Bulaaya ekya Clean Energy Package kyakwata enkola ya njawulo. Akatale k’amasannyalaze mu ggwanga mu Australia kalina ebizibu byako. Okutegeera engeri amateeka gye gakolamu obusobozi bw'okukozesa mu bitundu eby'enjawulo kyetaagisa okusoma okuteekebwa mu nkola okwennyini-kiki ekyakkirizibwa, ekyagaanibwa, kiki ekikwatiddwa mu limbo.
Okuyiga Ku Kulemererwa (Si Buwanguzi Bwokka) .
Buli omu ayagala nnyo okwogera ku Big Battery ya Tesla oba ekifo kya Moss Landing. Fair enough-bino bituukiddwako bya nnamaddala. Naye nnyinza okukaayana nti oyiga ebisingawo ku pulojekiti ezaagenda ebbali.
Okubwatuka kwa bbaatule ya McMicken mu Arizona mu 2019 kwatta abazinya mwoto babiri n’okulumya abalala abawerako. Okunoonyereza kwazudde nti okulemererwa mu kuddukanya ebbugumu, okukola enteekateeka y’okuyingiza empewo, n’enkola y’okuddamu mu mbeera ez’amangu. Bino tebyali bulabe bwa njawulo-byali birabika nga okwekenneenya obulungi ebibaddewo emabega. Omuguwa gw’omuliro ogwakwata bbaatule mu South Korea mu 2017-2019 (omuliro 23!) gwandibadde guleetera amakolero gonna okuddamu okwekenneenya. Kyakola, okukkakkana, naye si nga tekunnaba kwonooneka nnyo.
Ku ludda lw’ebyobusuubuzi, ebifo ebiwerako emabega-mita ebiterekebwa bikoze bubi okutereka kwabyo okusuubirwa kubanga ensengeka z’omusolo gw’obwetaavu zaategeerwa bubi, oba enjuba-plus-okutereka obunene bwalongoosebwa okumala ebiseera eby’entikko ebikyamu. Bino si kulemererwa kwa yinginiya-kulemererwa mu kwekenneenya enkola.
Emabega-e-Obuzibu bwa Mita
Bakasitoma b’ebyobusuubuzi n’ab’amakolero boolekagana n’ebintu ebikulu naddala eby’okulowoozaako. Ebisale by’obwetaavu, ebiseera-eby’emiwendo gy’okukozesa, amateeka g’okuyungibwa, ebyetaago by’amasannyalaze ag’okutereka, obuzibu bw’ekifo, okugoberera obukuumi bw’omuliro, eby’okulondako mu by’ensimbi-bino byonna bikwatagana mu ngeri ez’enjawulo ez’omukutu-ebifuula eby’okugonjoola ebisale bya kuki-okuba eby’akabi.
Ekyuma ekikola eddagala ekirina ebisaanyizo ebikakali eby’obudde bw’okukola kijja kutwala okutereka ng’ekikulu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okusinga sitoowa eddukanya embeera y’obudde. Data center erina dda backup diesel generators-okutereka kujjuliza oba kuvuganya? Amaduuka g’amaduuka galina emigugu egy’oku ntikko ennyo naye nga galina embalirira ya kapito ntono. Buli nkola eringa ya njawulo.
Abatunzi abatunda enkola zino kirabika bassa essira ku mbeera z'embeera ezisinga obulungi-. Okwekenenya okusaba okwetongodde kuwa okutereeza okwetaagisa.
Enkola ezigenda okuvaayo ezisaana okutunulwamu
Amabibiro g’amasannyalaze aga virtual. Okugatta mmotoka-okutuuka ku-grid. Okutereka okumala ebbanga eddene- okusobola okutebenkeza sizoni. Bino bikyagenda mu maaso, era mu butuufu, sirina bigambo bya maanyi bye nnyinza kuwaayo n’okutuusa kati. Naye eyo y'ekika ky'ensonga-okugenda mu maaso okwekenneenya okukukuuma nga ku mulembe ng'enkula y'ensi ekyuka.
Kale Ddala Kiki Ky’osaanidde Okukola?
Weekenneenye enkola y’okutereka amaanyi mu nkola. Si nga dduyiro ow'omulundi gumu-, wabula nga okwegezaamu okutambula obutasalako. Wewandiise ku databases ezikwata ku bibaddewo. Goberera dockets ezifuga. Weetabe mu nkuŋŋaana z’amakolero ng’abaddukanya bagabana ebikwata ku nkola y’emirimu entuufu okusinga okuteebereza okutunda. Yogerako n'abantu abataddewo enkola era obabuuze ekyabawuniikiriza.
Soma empapula z'ebyekikugu, yee, naye era soma n'eby'okuziika eby'oluvannyuma -. Ekitongole kya National Renewable Energy Laboratory kifulumya okwekenneenya okulungi ennyo. Bwe kityo n’ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku masannyalaze. Energy-Storage.news ekwata ku kuteekebwa mu nkola mu nsi yonna n'ekigendererwa ekituufu.
Enkyukakyuka y’amasoboza kikulu nnyo-era ya bbeeyi nnyo-okutambulira ku butonde bwokka. Systematic application review si mulimu gwa glamorous, naye gwe musingi ebirala byonna kwe biwummulira.
Era ddala, bw’oba kino tokikola dda, osanga wandibadde otandika.