Enkola enzijuvu ey’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule (BESS) kyetaagisa okufaayo ku bipimo bibiri ebikulu ebiraga omulimu: ekimu ekikwata ku busobozi bw’okutereka amaanyi n’okukozesa, kwe kugamba, ekikwatagana n’obusobozi; n’endala ekwatagana n’obusobozi bw’okujjuza oba okufulumya amaanyi, kwe kugamba, ekwatagana n’amaanyi. Enkolagana wakati w’ensonga zino ebbiri etera okukozesebwa okwawula oba enkola y’okutereka amasoboza etunuulidde amasoboza- oba amaanyi-etunuulidde.
Obusobozi bw’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule
Metrika eno ekiikirira obusobozi bw’amasoboza obusinga obunene mu ndowooza enkola y’okutereka bw’esobola okukwata, mu ngeri entuufu nga bulagibwa mu kilowatt-essaawa (kWh) oba megawatt-essaawa (MWh). Kino kye kimu ku bipimo ebikulu eby’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi; wabula obusobozi bwayo obwennyini obukozesebwa bukosebwa obuziba bwa bbaatule (DOD) n’obulungi bw’enkola.
Obusobozi bwa BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) buggumiza obungi bw’amasoboza agayinza okufulumizibwa oba okukozesebwa, nga kino kyawukana ku nnyonyola y’obusobozi bwa bbaatule. Obusobozi bwa bbaatule okutwalira awamu butegeeza obusobozi bwa bbaatule wansi w’embeera ezimu (omutindo gw’okufulumya, ebbugumu, vvulovumenti y’okuggwaako, n’ebirala), era bupimibwa mu ssaawa za ampere-(Ah), nga zikiikirira ekitundu ekigatta kasasiro mu kiseera.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule:Amaanyi g’enkola agasinga obunene
Amaanyi agasinga obunene ag’enkola eno galaga obusobozi obusinga obunene obw’okucaajinga n’okufulumya amaanyi g’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi, era okutwalira awamu galagibwa mu kilowatts (kW) oba megawatts (MW). Ekiraga omulimu guno kisalibwawo okusinziira ku dizayini ya circuit enkulu yonna, omuli bbaatule, DC transmission circuit, PCS, n’okuyungibwa kwa AC, era n’okufiirwa mu kiseera ky’okukola ku maanyi agasinga obunene (okufiirwa kuno okusinga kujja kukyusibwa mu bbugumu), ekikosa dizayini y’enkola y’okufuga ebbugumu n’ebyuma ebirala ebiyamba. Enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ezirina obusobozi bwe bumu zisobola okuba n’emirimu egy’enjawulo ennyo olw’enjawulo mu maanyi agasinga obunene; n’enkola y’emu ey’okutereka amaanyi ejja kufuna enjawulo ya square mu bulungibwansi olw’emitendera egy’enjawulo egy’amaanyi ag’okukola.
Ekigerageranyo ky’amaanyi bwe kiba kinene nnyo bw’ogeraageranya n’ekipimo ky’obusobozi, nga 1 MW/500 kWh, kiyitibwa enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ey’ekika ky’amaanyi-; okwawukana ku ekyo, bwe kiba 500 kW/1 MWh, kiyitibwa enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ey’ekika ky’amasoboza-. N’olwekyo, endowooza y’obudde oluusi eyingizibwa, gamba ng’eky’olubereberye okuwandiikibwako nti 1 MW/0.5 h, ate eky’oluvannyuma nga 500 kW/2 h.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule:Okufiirwa amaanyi n’okukola obulungi
Obulung’amu bw’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi bulaga okufiirwa kw’amasoboza mu nkola y’okucaajinga n’okufulumya. Kiyinza okutegeerwa ng’omugerageranyo gw’amasoboza agafulumizibwa ensengekera n’amasoboza agagiyingizaamu, era ekimanyiddwa nga obulungi bw’enzirukanya. Okufiirwa kuno tekukwatagana na kika kya tekinologiya kya bbaatule etereka amaanyi yokka wabula era kisinziira ku bitundu by’amasannyalaze nga enkola y’okukyusa amaanyi (PCS). Mu ngeri enfunda, obulungi bw’enkola okusinga bulaga okufiirwa mu nkulungo enkulu mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga n’okufulumya, okuva ku bbaatule, bbaasi ya DC, PCS, n’okusembayo okutuuka ku tulansifooma (bwe kiba nga kiriwo). Naye mu nkola za yinginiya mu nkola, amaanyi agakozesebwa mu byuma ebiyamba nga enkola y’okufuga ebbugumu gatera okuteekebwa mu kufiirwa kwonna, bwe kityo ne kikosa obulungi okutwalira awamu.
Ekifaananyi: Enkolagana y’amasoboza ga BESS
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule:Omuwendo gw’enzirukanya
Omuwendo gw'enzirukanya z'okusasula-eza bbaatule gwe gusalawo obulamu bwayo. Mu nkola y’okutereka amaanyi, olw’omuwendo omunene ogwa bbaatule, obulamu bwayo era bwe busalawo obulamu bw’enkola yonna. Okuvunda kw’obulamu bw’enzirukanya kuleeta okweyongera kw’obuziyiza obw’omunda, nga kino nakyo kyongera okufiirwa n’okukola ebbugumu, okwongera okwanguya enkola y’okuvunda. Ekirala, okucaajinga okusukkiridde emirundi mingi n’okufuluma okusukkiridde-kireeta okusaanuuka n’okuteekebwa kw’ebintu eby’ebyuma mu nsengekera y’obusannyalazo enfunda eziwera, era kino nakyo kikosa nnyo obulamu bwa bbaatule n’obukuumi bw’enzirukanya yaayo.
Ku kika ekimu ekya bbaatule ya lithium-ion, omuwendo gw’enzirukanya wansi w’embeera y’okucaajinga 1C n’okufulumya 1C gulaga enjawulo ennene ku buziba obw’enjawulo obw’okufulumya (DOD), nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ssente
Ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi zikwatagana nnyo n’obusobozi bw’enkola eno, amaanyi, n’embeera y’emirimu. Okutwalira awamu, mu nkola z’okutereka ez’ekika ky’amasoboza-, omuwendo gwa bbaatule gukola ekitundu ekinene ennyo; ate mu nkola z'okutereka ez'ekika ky'amaanyi-, omuwendo gwa bbaatule guli wansi nnyo. Wabula mu ngeri yonna, omuwendo gwa bbaatule mu kiseera kino gwe gukola ekitundu ekikulu ku nsaasaanya ya BESS okutwalira awamu, era era kye kijja okuba ekitundu ekikulu eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
Yuniti y’omuwendo esobola okulagibwa nga yuan/kWh oba yuan/kW, naye tewali n’emu ekiikirira mu bujjuvu era mu butuufu makulu gaayo. N’olwekyo, kyetaagisa okulaga obusobozi n’amaanyi byombi omulundi gumu mu kiseera ky’okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku pulojekiti ezenjawulo.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule:omuwendo Obudde bw’okuddamu
Ku BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems), okukyusa amaanyi n’obudde bw’okuddamu byombi biri mu bbanga lya milisekondi, ekimala okukozesa enkola y’amasannyalaze. Wano BESS w’esinga bw’ogeraageranya n’enkola endala ez’okutereka amaanyi ag’omubiri nga okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel n’amasannyalaze g’amazzi aga pumped-storage. Naye olw’obuzibu mu vvulovumenti, enkola y’okussaako, n’obusobozi bwa bbaatule cell, amaanyi n’obusobozi bwa yuniti emu eya BESS bitono nnyo. N’olwekyo, mu bifo ebinene-ebitereka amasannyalaze, gamba ng’ekimu ekikoleddwa mu makumi g’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi eza bulijjo eza vvulovumenti entono-5MW/2h eziyungiddwa mu ngeri ey’okukwatagana, ekizibu mu budde bw’okuddamu okusinga kijja kuba kikoma olw’enkola y’empuliziganya n’enkola y’okuteekawo enteekateeka. Era ejja kukosebwa emirimu nga okukwasaganya amaanyi n’okunyigiriza amasannyalaze agatambula wakati w’ebyuma ebikwatagana. Obudde obusembayo obw'okuddamu ku ddaala lya siteegi-buyinza okuba mu bikumi n'ebikumi bya milisekondi oba wadde sekondi. Kya lwatu, yuniti emu eya 5MW/2h BESS kyakulabirako kya kuteebereza kyokka; okuyungibwa okuyitiridde okwa parallel kwa bbaatule zennyini kuleeta akabi ak’amaanyi mu by’okwerinda. Okugonjoola ekizibu kino kyetaagisa enkyukakyuka mu nkola z’okufuga ekibinja n’okumenyawo n’okukozesa tekinologiya omupya ow’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi nga okuyungibwa obutereevu okwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu-.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule:Ebirala
Mu mbeera endala ez’okukozesa oba okwekenneenya ebyenfuna, endowooza ng’amasoboza ag’enjawulo (omugerageranyo gw’amasoboza-ku-obuzito, Wh/kg), amaanyi ag’enjawulo (omugerageranyo gw’amaanyi-ku-obuzito, kW/kg), n’obungi bw’amasoboza buli yuniti y’ekitundu (amasoboza-ku-omugerageranyo gw’ekitundu, Wh/m2) nabyo bikozesebwa. Endowooza zino zikwatagana mu kubala ssente z’entambula ya pulojekiti n’ebyetaago by’okukozesa ettaka.