Olw’enkulaakulana ennene-enkulaakulana n’okukozesa ensibuko z’amasoboza empya, n’obwetaavu obweyongera obw’enjawulo n’okwesigamizibwa kw’amasannyalaze, buli kitundu ky’enkola y’amasannyalaze, okuva ku kukola okutuuka ku kukozesa, kigenda mu maaso n’enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi. Tekinologiya n’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi bimenye ekizibu ky’okutebenkeza amaanyi mu kiseera ekituufu-mu nkola z’amasannyalaze ez’ennono, okutumbula ennyo okukyukakyuka kw’enkola y’amasannyalaze. Kino nakyo kivuga butereevu enkyukakyuka mpolampola ey’enzimba y’amaanyi, mu kusooka eyafugibwa amafuta g’ebintu ebikadde, okufuuka efugirwa ensibuko z’amasoboza amapya, era enkola eno yeeyongera buli kiseera.
Bw’ogeraageranya n’engeri endala ez’...tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi, enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule (BESS) zirina engeri ez’enjawulo ez’okufuga n’enkola ez’enjawulo ez’okugatta. Kino kisobozesa BESS okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’enkola y’amasannyalaze n’abakozesa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, bwe kityo ne kisikiriza abantu bangi. Ekirala, okunoonyereza ku tekinologiya w’okugatta BESS kukwata butereevu ku nkulaakulana ya BESS era kifuuse ekimu ku tekinologiya omukulu olw’okukozesebwa kwayo okw’amaanyi-n’okumanyisibwa.
Okulaba akatale k’okutereka amaanyi
Okusinziira ku bibalo ebitali bituufu okuva mu Global Energy Storage Project Database of the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), okutuuka ku nkomerero ya 2019, obusobozi obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obuteekeddwawo obwa pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna (omuli okutereka amazzi mu pampu, okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule, okutereka amaanyi g’ebbugumu ag’omunnyo ogusaanuuse, okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel, n’enkola endala ez’okutereka amaanyi) yatuuka ku 184.6 GW, omwaka-ku-mwaka okweyongera kwa 1.9%. Ku kino, okutereka amazzi mu ppampu kwalina obusobozi obusinga obunene obw’okukuŋŋaanyizibwa obuteekeddwa ku 171.0 GW, omwaka-ku-mwaka okweyongera kwa 0.2%; okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule kwagobererwa nnyo nga okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’amaanyi agateekeddwamu ga MW 9520.5; mu tekinologiya ow’enjawulo ow’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule, bbaatule za lithium-ion ze zaasinga amaanyi agateekeddwamu okukuŋŋaanyizibwa ku MW 8454.2, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi.
Obusobozi obuteekeddwawo obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obwa pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna (mu MW) .
Ku nkomerero ya 2019, obusobozi bwa China obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obwa pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi bwatuuka ku GW 32.4, nga bukola ebitundu 17.6% ku katale k’ensi yonna, omwaka-ku-mwaka okweyongera kwa 3.6%. Ku kino, okutereka amazzi mu ppampu kwalina obusobozi obusinga obunene obw’okukuŋŋaanyizibwa obuteekeddwa ku 30.3 GW, omwaka-ku-mwaka okweyongera kwa 1.0%; okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule kwakwata kyakubiri nga obusobozi obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obuteekeddwawo bwa MW 1709.6, nga kino kyeyongedde omwaka-ku-mwaka ogwa 59.4%. Mu tekinologiya ow’enjawulo ow’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule, bbaatule za lithium-ion ze zaasinga amaanyi agateekeddwamu okukuŋŋaanyizibwa ku MW 1377.9, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi wansi.
Obusobozi obuteekeddwawo obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obwa pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi mu China (Unit: MW) .
Newankubadde enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ag’omubiri, ezikiikirirwa okutereka amazzi mu ppampu, zikyafuga pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna, nga zikola ebitundu 92.6%,ensimbi ze basooka okussaamu ssente nnyingi, era waliwo ekifo kitono eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu biseera eby’omu maaso, era zirina ebyetaago bingi ku kifo we bibeera. Okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule, ng’engeri enkulu ey’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze, kukulaakulana mangu mu myaka egiyise. BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) zirina ebirungi eby’ekikugu nga okukozesa okukyukakyuka, okufiirwa okutono mu kukyusa, sipiidi y’okuddamu amangu, obutuufu bw’okulungamya obw’amaanyi, era tezikoma ku mbeera za bitundu, ekizifuula ezisaanira okukola mu bungi n’okukozesebwa mu nnimiro ennene-, ennimiro nnyingi-. Ekisinga obukulu, ssente z’enkola ez’enjawulo ezitereka amaanyi ga bbaatule zisuubirwa okwongera okukendeera ebitundu 50% okutuuka ku 60%. N’olwekyo, okusinziira ku kitongole ky’ensi yonna ekivunaanyizibwa ku masannyalaze agazzibwawo (IRENA), ekipimo kya BESS mu nsi yonna kigenda kweyongera mangu okutuuka ku GW 175 mu mwaka gwa 2030. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza kwa CNESA, wakati wa 2020 ne 2024, obunene bw’akatale k’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu China bujja kweyongera buli kiseera, nga buli mwaka bugenda kukula ebitundu 55% okutuuka ku 65%, nga bugenda kusukka 15 GW okutuuka ku 24 GW omwaka 2024 we gunaatuukira.
Wabula engabanya y’ebitundu ya pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ekyali tekwatagana nnyo. Wadde nga pulojekiti empya ez’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule zaatandikibwa mu mawanga oba ebitundu 49 mu nsi yonna mu 2019, amawanga ekkumi agasinga, nga gakiikirirwa China, Amerika, Bungereza, Girimaani, ne Australia, gakola ebitundu 91.6% ku busobozi bwonna obw’ensi yonna obwagattibwa mu 2019. Obusobozi bwa pulojekiti y’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu China ne Amerika bwasukka 500 MW, nga China, naddala, yalinnya okuva ku kyakutaano mu 2017 n’ekyokubiri mu 2018 okutuuka mu kifo ekisooka mu 2019. South Korea, eyakwata ekifo eky’okusatu mu 2017 n’ekwata ekifo ekisooka mu 2018, yalaba okuyimirira mu pulojekiti empya ez’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu 2019 olw’ebintu eby’obukuumi.
Mu mwaka gwa 2019, amasaza ekkumi agasinga (ebitundu ebyetongodde, munisipaali) mu China ebisinga obunene mu pulojekiti z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ezaakassibwawo gaali Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Beijing, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang, ne Henan. Obusobozi obupya obugattibwa mu masaza gano ekkumi (ebitundu ebyetongodde, munisipaali) bwakola ebitundu 88.9% ku busobozi obupya bwonna obwa China mu 2019.
Olw’enkulaakulana egenda mu maaso mu tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi n’akatale k’amasannyalaze akakulaakulanye obulungi mu Amerika, okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule kufuuse tekinologiya asinga okukula amangu-okutereka amaanyi mu Amerika, era akozesebwa nnyo mu buli nsonga zonna ez’enkola y’amasannyalaze, omuli okukola, okutambuza, okugasaasaanya, n’okukozesa, ne kikola enteekateeka ya tekinologiya etegeerekeka obulungi n’enkola ya bizinensi ennungi.
Omwaka 2019 gwayitibwa omwaka ogw’okumenyawo amakolero g’okutereka amasannyalaze mu Amerika, ng’obusobozi bwonna obwateekebwawo obw’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule bwatuuka ku MW 1600 mu mwaka ogwo. Okusinziira ku biwandiiko ebisembyeyo okufulumizibwa mu "2019 Energy Storage Monitoring Yearbook" eyakolebwa ekibiina ekigatta amaanyi mu kutereka amaanyi (ESA), obusobozi obupya obwateekebwawo obw'okutereka amaanyi mu Amerika mu 2019 bwatuuka ku 522.7 MW/1113 MWh, nga mu kwata y'okuna yokka yakola 186.4 MW/264.2 MWh. McKinsey & Company etegeeza nti obusobozi bw’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu Amerika bujja kuba bwa mirundi esatu egy’omwaka 2019 mu 2020, busukka emirundi ebiri mu mwaka gwa 2021, era bujja kutuuka ku GW 7.3 mu mwaka gwa 2025; ssente zonna ezaateekebwa mu katale k’okutereka amaanyi mu Amerika mu 2019 zaali obukadde bwa ddoola 712, ate nga zisuubirwa okubuuka okutuuka ku buwumbi bwa ddoola bubiri mu 2020.
Olw’enjawulo mu nkola z’amasannyalaze n’obwetaavu bw’amasannyalaze mu ggwanga n’ensi yonna, ebitundu ebikulu eby’okukozesa tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule nabyo byawukana. Nga tutwala enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule za lithium-ion ng’ekyokulabirako, mu nsi yonna, okukozesebwa okusinga kuli ku ludda lwa giridi, gamba ng’okulungamya emirundi, okusenya ku ntikko, n’empeereza ez’okuyambako, nga zikola ebitundu 52.7%, n’eddirirwa okuwagira okugatta amaanyi agazzibwawo ku bitundu 28.9%, n’okukozesa okusaasaanyizibwa ne microgrid ku ludda lw’abakozesa ku bitundu 18.4%. Mu China, okuwagira okugatta amasannyalaze agazzibwawo y’enkola esinga okukozesebwa, nga ekola ebitundu 37.7%, n’eddirirwa enkola ya grid-side ne user-side ku bitundu 25% ne 25.3%.
Wadde ng’omutindo gw’okukula mu mwaka gwa 2019 gwali gwa mpola bw’ogeraageranya n’omutindo gw’okukula kw’akatale k’okutereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna ogwa 126% mu 2018, okutereka amaanyi kujja kusigala nga kukuuma omuze gw’okukula ogw’amaanyi ng’amawanga amanene gagenda ganyweza enkyukakyuka zaago mu masannyalaze n’okwongera ku bwetaavu bwago obw’okukyukakyuka kw’enkola y’amasannyalaze. Yafuuka dda tekinologiya omukulu eri amawanga okutuukiriza ebigendererwa byabwe eby’enteekateeka y’amasannyalaze. N’olwekyo, okutuuka mu June 2020, obusobozi obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obuteekeddwa mu pulojekiti z’okutereka amasannyalaze ezikola mu nsi yonna bwatuuka ku GW 185.3, ng’obusobozi bwa China obuteekeddwawo butuuse ku GW 32.7. Ku kino, obusobozi obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa mu nsi yonna obw’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule bwatuuka ku MW 10,112.3, nga busukka akabonero ka GW 10, ekitegeeza okweyongera kw’omwaka-ku-mwaka okwa 36.1%, ate obusobozi bwa China obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa obuteekeddwawo bwatuuka ku MW 1,831.0, omwaka{{17}ku-mwaka ogwongezeddwa ku bitundu 53.9%.